Home

            Hepatitis C

 

Do you know what Hepatitis C is and how it affects the body?

Hepatitis C, previously referred to as non-A-non-B hepatitis, is a blood borne virus that causes inflammation of the liver. Unfortunately the signs of liver damage may not occur until much later and by the time the disease becomes apparent liver damage can be considerable e and even irreversible.

 

Do you know how Hepatitis C is spread?

Hepatitis C is present in the blood of an infected person. If infected blood enters another person’s blood stream, that person may then catch the virus.

The most common route of infection in England is through sharing contaminated needles or by equipment used by injecting drug users.

The Department of Health 2004 suggest that current or past drug users and those people who have had blood transfusions before 1991 are the high risk groups.

Less common routes of transmission are:

bullet Sexual activity with a person who has Hepatitis C
bullet From an infected mother to her child during the delivery process
bullet Sharing an infected persons toothbrush or razor
bullet From medical or dental practices abroad where Hepatitis C is common and hygiene is poor

Hepatitis C cannot be transmitted through everyday contact such as holding hands, hugging, sharing toilets.

 

Is there a vaccine available?

There is no vaccine available to prevent people being infected with Hepatitis C.

There is treatment that has shown good results in people with chronic hepatitis C.

 

Do you know how many people have Hepatitis C in England?

It is estimated that 0.5% of the population in England (approx 250,000 people) have been infected with Hepatitis C. 20% of those infected seem to get rid of the virus themselves but 0.4% (200,000) are chronically infected with Hepatitis C.

 

A GLOBAL FACT

 

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) there are 170 million people across the world with Hepatitis C infection. This compares to 40 million with HIV.

 

 

 

Sharps injuries at work

Needlestick injuries are the most common occupationally-acquired blood-borne infections in healthcare workers. The majority of these injuries occur after the needle has been used for e.g. after an injection and blood taking. The highest activity where a sharps injury occurs is re-capping needles and it is estimated that 25-30% of sharps injuries occur this way. Therefore the safe disposal of sharp instruments is paramount. Check out safe disposal of sharps

The occupational transmission risk for Hepatitis C following injury with a sharp instrument is 1 in 30.

This is compared to Hepatitis B which is 1 in 3 and HIV 1 in 300.

Further reading

INDG342 (12/06) Blood-borne viruses in the workplace Guidance for employers and employees

DH (2007) Health clearance for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV: New healthcare workers

DH (2006) Immunisation against infectious disease - "The Green Book"

DH (2004) HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

NHS Employers (2005) The management of health, safety and welfare issues for NHS staff

DH (2002) Pre and post appointment checks for all persons working in the NHS in England, Health Service Circular 2002/008

DH (2002) Independent Health Care: National Minimum Standards Regulations

HSE (2002) The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations

HSE (1995) Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

Guidance for Clinical Health Care Workers: Protection Against Infection with Blood-borne Viruses Recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group on AIDS and the Advisory Group on Hepatitis

 

Home ]

Send mail to webmaster@ohmatters.com with questions or comments about this web site.
Last modified: May 18, 2009